A Critical Review of Patient-Reported Inputs, Clinical Workflows, and Machine Learning Opportunities for State-of-the-Art Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established treatment for chronic pain, but long-term outcomes remain inconsistent. Failures may originate from poor therapeutic targeting and dosing, both of which can stem from low-resolution patient-reported inputs and the subjective, trial-and-error…